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1 δικαιόω
δικαιόω fut. δικαιώσω; 1 aor. ἐδικαίωσα. Pass.: 1 fut. δικαιωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐδικαιώθην, subj. δικαιωθῶ, ptc. δικαιωθείς; pf. δεδικαίωμαι Ro 6:7; 1 Cor 4:4; ptc. δεδικαιωμένος Lk 18:14 (Soph., Hdt.; Aristot., EN 1136a; et al.; pap, LXX; En 102:10; TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 14 [Stone p. 34]; Test12Patr; ApcSed, 14:8 p. 136, 15 Ja.; Jos., Ant. 17, 206; Just.; Ath., R. 53, 1; 65, 14) to practice δικαιοσύνη.① to take up a legal cause, show justice, do justice, take up a cause τινά (Polyb. 3, 31, 9 ὑμᾶς δὲ αὐτοὺς … δικαιώσεσθε ‘you will (find it necessary to) take up your own cause’ = you will sit in judgment on yourselves; Cass. Dio 48, 46 ‘Antony was not taking Caesar’s side’ in the matter; 2 Km 15:4; Ps 81:3) δικαιῶσαι δίκαιον take up the cause of an upright pers. 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11); τινί χήρᾳ (χήραν v.l.) 8:4 (Is 1:17 ‘take up the cause of the widow’).② to render a favorable verdict, vindicate.ⓐ as activity of humans justify, vindicate, treat as just (Appian, Liby. 17 §70; Gen 44:16; Sir 10:29; 13:22; 23:11 al.) θέλων δ. ἑαυτόν wishing to justify himself Lk 10:29; δ. ἑαυτὸν ἐνώπιόν τινος j. oneself before someone=‘you try to make out a good case for yourselves before the public’ 16:15 (δ. ἐαυτόν as En 102:10; but s. JJeremias, ZNW 38, ’39, 117f [against him SAalen, NTS 13, ’67, 1ff]). ὁ δικαιούμενός μοι the one who vindicates himself before (or against) me B 6:1 (cp. Is 50:8). τελῶναι ἐδικαίωσαν τὸν θεόν βαπτισθέντες tax-collectors affirmed God’s uprightness and got baptized i.e. by ruling in God’s favor they admitted that they were in the wrong and took a new direction (opp. τὴν βουλὴν τ. θεοῦ ἀθετεῖν) Lk 7:29 (cp. PsSol 2:15; 3:5; 8:7, 23; 9:2).ⓑ of experience or activity of transcendent figures, esp. in relation to humansα. of wisdom ἐδικαιώθη ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς is vindicated by her children (on δικ. ἀπό cp. Is 45:25. S. also Appian, Basil. 8: δικαιόω=consider someth. just or correct) Lk 7:35; also ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῆς Mt 11:19 (v.l. τέκνων). On this saying s. DVölter, NThT 8, 1919, 22–42; JBover, Biblica 6, 1925, 323–25; 463–65; M-JLagrange, ibid. 461–63. Of an angel Hm 5, 1, 7.β. of God be found in the right, be free of charges (cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 14 [Stone p. 34] ‘be vindicated’ in a trial by fire) Mt 12:37 (opp. καταδικάζειν). δεδικαιωμένος Lk 18:14; GJs 5:1; δεδικαιωμένη (Salome) 20:4 (not pap). Ac 13:39 (but s. 3 below); Rv 22:11 v.l; Dg 5:14.—Paul, who has influenced later wr. (cp. Iren. 3, 18, 7 [Harv. II 102, 2f]), uses the word almost exclusively of God’s judgment. As affirmative verdict Ro 2:13. Esp. of pers. δικαιοῦσθαι be acquitted, be pronounced and treated as righteous and thereby become δίκαιος, receive the divine gift of δικαιοσύνη through faith in Christ Jesus and apart from νόμος as a basis for evaluation (MSeifrid, Justification by Faith—The Origin and Development of a Central Pauline Theme ’92) 3:20 (Ps 142:2), 24, 28; 4:2; 5:1, 9; 1 Cor 4:4; Gal 2:16f (Ps 142:2); 3:11, 24; 5:4; Tit 3:7; Phil 3:12 v.l.; B 4:10; 15:7; IPhld 8:2; Dg 9:4; (w. ἁγιάζεσθαι) Hv 3, 9, 1. οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο δεδικαίωμαι I am not justified by this (after 1 Cor 4:4) IRo 5:1. ἵνα δικαιωθῇ σου ἡ σάρξ that your flesh (as the sinful part) may be acquitted Hs 5, 7, 1; δ. ἔργοις by (on the basis of) works, by what one does 1 Cl 30:3; cp. Js 2:21, 24f (ἔργον 1a and πίστις 2dδ); διʼ ἐαυτῶν δ. by oneself=as a result of one’s own accomplishments 1 Cl 32:4. (cp. κατὰ νόμον Hippol., Ref. 7, 34, 1).—Since Paul views God’s justifying action in close connection with the power of Christ’s resurrection, there is sometimes no clear distinction between the justifying action of acquittal and the gift of new life through the Holy Spirit as God’s activity in promoting uprightness in believers. Passages of this nature include Ro 3:26, 30; 4:5 (on δικαιοῦν τὸν ἀσεβῆ cp. the warning against accepting δῶρα to arrange acquittal Ex 23:7 and Is 5:23; δικαιούμενοι δωρεάν Ro 3:24 is therefore all the more pointed); 8:30, 33 (Is 50:8); Gal 3:8; Dg 9:5. For the view (held since Chrysostom) that δ. in these and other pass. means ‘make upright’ s. Goodsp., Probs. 143–46, JBL 73, ’54, 86–91.③ to cause someone to be released from personal or institutional claims that are no longer to be considered pertinent or valid, make free/pure (the act. Ps 72:13) in our lit. pass. δικαιοῦμαι be set free, made pure ἀπό from (Sir 26:29; TestSim 6:1, both δικ. ἀπὸ [τῆς] ἁμαρτίας) ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν οὐκ ἠδυνήθητε ἐν νόμω Μωϋσέως δικαιωθῆναι from everything fr. which you could not be freed by the law of Moses Ac 13:38; cp. vs. 39. ὁ ἀποθανὼν δεδικαίωται ἀπὸ τ. ἁμαρτίας the one who died is freed fr. sin Ro 6:7 (s. KKuhn, ZNW 30, ’31, 305–10; EKlaar, ibid. 59, ’68, 131–34). In the context of 1 Cor 6:11 ἐδικαιώθητε means you have become pure.—In the language of the mystery religions (Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 258ff) δικαιοῦσθαι refers to a radical inner change which the initiate experiences (Herm. Wr. 13, 9 χωρὶς γὰρ κρίσεως ἰδὲ πῶς τὴν ἀδικίαν ἐξήλασεν. ἐδικαιώθημεν, ὦ τέκνον, ἀδικίας ἀπούσης) and approaches the sense ‘become deified’. Some are inclined to find in 1 Ti 3:16 a similar use; but see under 4.④ to demonstrate to be morally right, prove to be right, pass. of God is proved to be right Ro 3:4; 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6). Of Christ 1 Ti 3:16.—Lit. s. on δικαιοσύνη 3c.—HRosman, Iustificare (δικαιοῦν) est verbum causativum: Verbum Domini 21, ’41, 144–47; NWatson, Δικ. in the LXX, JBL 79, ’60, 255–66; CCosgrove, JBL 106, ’87, 653–70.—DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. -
2 δικαιόω
Aἐδικαίευν Hdt.1.100
: [tense] fut. - ώσω Orac. ap. eund.5.92.β, Th.5.26;- ώσομαι Id.3.40
:[tense] aor.ἐδικαίωσα Id.2.71
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. : [tense] aor.ἐδικαιώθην A.Ag. 393
(lyr.): [tense] pf.δεδικαίωμαι LXXEz.21.13(18)
.II hold or deem right, claim or demand as a right, c. inf., Hdt.1.89, 133, Hp.Fract.31;δεινά με δικαιοῖ δρᾶν S.OT 640
, cf. 575;δικαιοῦντες μὴ ἀφαιρεθῆναι αὐτήν Th.2.41
: with inf. omitted, οὕτω δ. (sc. γενέσθαι) Hdt.9.42; δίκας δ. (sc. γενέσθαι) ib.93;ὅποι ποτὲ θεὸς δικαιοῖ S.Ph. 781
;οὐκ ὀρθῶς δ. Th.5.26
; pronounce judgement, Id.2.71: c. inf.,ἐδικαίωσεν ἀποδοῦναι ἡμᾶς τὸ κεφάλαιον PRyl.119.14
(i A. D.); consent,δουλεύειν Hdt.2.172
, cf. 6.86; οὐκ ἐδικαίου οὐδένα οἱ ἐσαγγεῖλαι he would not allow.. Id.3.118:—[voice] Pass., that which is ordained,D.H.
10.1.III do a man right or justice: hence,1 chastise, punish, Hdt.1.100:—[voice] Pass., Id.3.29, Pl.Lg. 934b, D.C.Fr.57.47; pass sentence on,ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς δικαιώσεσθε Th.3.40
.2 [voice] Pass., also, have right done one, opp. ἀδικεῖσθαι, Arist.EN 1136a18.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δικαιόω
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3 ἐξέρχομαι
ἐξέρχομαι, [tense] fut. - ελεύσομαι (but in [dialect] Att. ἔξειμι (A) supplies the [tense] fut., also [tense] impf. ἐξῄειν): [tense] aor. 2 ἐξῆλθον, the only tense used in Hom.:—A go or come out of, c. gen.loci, τείχεος, πυλάων, πόληος, Il.22.237, 413, 417;ἐκ δ' ἦλθε κλισίης 10.140
; ἐ. δωμάτων, χθονός, etc., A.Ch. 663, S.El. 778, etc.;ἐ. ἐκ.. Hdt.8.75
, 9.12, S.OC37, etc.;ἔξω τῆσδ'.. χθονός E.Ph. 476
; of an actor, come out on the stage, Ar.Ach. 240, Av. 512: abs., come forth,ἐ. καὶ ἀμῦναι Il.9.576
.b rarely c. acc.,ἐξῆλθον τὴν Περσίδα χώραν Hdt.7.29
;ἐ. τὸ ἄστυ Id.5.104
, cf.Arist.Pol. 1285a5, LXXGe.44.4.c abs., march out, go forth, Th.2.11, etc.;ἐπί τινα Hdt.1.36
.d of an accused person, withdraw from the country to avoid trial, opp. φεύγω, D.23.45.e ἐ. ὑπηρέτης to be commissioned to carry out an order of the court, Mitteis Chr.89.36(ii A.D.), etc.f c. acc. cogn., go out on an expedition, etc.,ἐ. ἐξόδους X.HG1.2.17
;στρατείαν Aeschin.2.168
; so παγκόνιτ' ἐ. ἄεθλ' ἀγώνων went through them, S.Tr. 506 (lyr.);νίκης ἔχων ἐξῆλθε.. γέρας Id.El. 687
.g with Preps., ἐ. ἐπὶ θήραν, ἐπὶ θεωρίαν, etc., X.Cyr.1.2.11, Pl.Cri. 52b, etc.; ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐ. pursue their advantages to the utmost, Th.1.70; εἰς τόδ' ἐ. ἀνόσιον στόμα allow oneself to use these impious words, S. OC 981; also ἐ. εἴς τινας come out of one class into another, as εἰς τοὺς τελείους ἄνδρας, opp. ἔφηβοι, X.Cyr.1.2.12.h of disease, pass off,ἢν ἐκ τοῦ ἄλλου σώματος ἡ νοῦσος ἐξεληλύθῃ Hp.Morb.2.13
.i of offspring, issue from the womb,τὰ μὲν τετελειωμένα, τὰ δὲ ἀτελῆ ἐ. Arist.Pr. 896a18
;ἐκ τῆς γαστρός M.Ant.9.3
.2 ἐ. εἰς ἔλεγχον stand forth and come to the trial, E.Alc. 640;ἐς χερῶν ἅμιλλαν ἐ. τινί Id.Hec. 226
: abs., stand forth, be proved to be, ; come forth (from the war), Th.5.31.3 c. acc. rei, execute, ἃ ἂν.. μὴ ἐξέλθωσιν (v.l. for ἐπεξ-) Id.1.70; τὸ πολὺ τοῦ ἔργου ἐξῆλθον (v.l. for ἐπεξ-) Id.3.108.5 with acc. of the instrument of motion,ἐ. οὐδὲ τὸν ἕτερον πόδα Din.1.82
.II of Time, come to an end, expire, Hdt.2.139, S.OT 735, PRev.Laws 48.9 (iii B.C.), etc.;τοῦ ἐξελθόντος μηνός Hyp.Eux.35
;ἐπειδὰν.. ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς ἐξέλθῃ Pl.Plt. 298e
;ἐλέγοντο αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐξεληλυθέναι X.HG5.2.2
.2 of magistrates, etc., go out of office, ἡ ἐξελθοῦσα βουλή Decr. ap. And.1.77, cf. Arist.Pol. 1273a16.III of prophecies, dreams, events, etc., to be accomplished, come true,ἐς τέλος ἐ. Hes.Op. 218
: abs.,τὴν ὄψιν συνεβάλετο ἐξεληλυθέναι Hdt.6.108
, cf. 82; ἐξῆλθε (sc. ἡ μῆνις) was satisfied, Id.7.137; ; κατ' ὀρθὸν ἐ. come out right, S.OT88;ἀριθμὸς οὐκ ἐλάττων ἐ. X.HG6.1.5
; of persons, μὴ.. Φοῐβος ἐξέλθη σαφής turn out a true prophet, S.OT 1011.2 of words, proceed,παρά τινος Pl.Tht. 161b
; of goods, to be exported, Id.Alc.1.122e.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξέρχομαι
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